Head trauma may result in fractures of the calvaria, the maxilla, the mandible and the detention, or any combination of these. This chapter covers principles of maxillofacial fracture treatment, techniques for managing maxillofacial fractures, management of specific fractures, fractures of the calvaria. Operative techniques: Intraoral techniques; Mandibular symphyseal wiring; Application of external skeletal fixation to the mandible or maxilla; Ventral approach and plate application to the mandibular body; Surgical approach to the temporomandibular joint and condylectomy.

This chapter considers a number of specific types of wound that may require surgical management, such as pharyngeal stick injuries, chronic draining sinuses, bullet, burn and bite wounds. It also discusses the surgical management of some specific skin conditions such as skin fold pyoderma and perianal fistulas. Causes of sinus tracts include bacterial infection, penetrating foreign bodies (e.g. plant awns, wood splinters, insect mouth parts), bone sequestra, surgical implants (e.g. sutures, meshes, orthopaedic implants) and neoplasia. Sinus tracts can occur at many locations on the body, depending on the cause, its point of entry/location and any migratory path. The interdigital spaces, ear canals, oral mucosa, conjunctiva and nares are common points of entry. All sinus tracts should be thoroughly investigated and explored surgically to determine and eliminate (if possible) the cause. It is important to develop a systematic approach to the investigation of sinus tracts. If the cause is not eliminated, the problem will recur. Chronic sinus tracts can be extremely frustrating to manage for the patient, client and veterinary surgeon, as small fragments of foreign material can be elusive and repeated surgical intervention may be required. The chapter looks at Chronic draining sinus tracts; Oropharyngeal stick injuries; Perianal fistulation (anal furunculosis); Bite wounds; Burns management; Projectile injuries; Redundant skin folds and skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo); Footpad surgery; Mammary gland surgery; and Wound bed vascular augmentation using omentum. Case examples: Management of a shotgun injury to the face. Operative techniques: Anal sacculectomy; Episioplasty; Caudectomy; Fusion podoplasty; Phalangeal fillet (Digital pad transfer); Footpad grafts; and Mastectomy.

Surgical conditions of the spleen are commonly encountered in small animal practice. In some instances splenic biopsy or partial splenectomy may be warranted, but in most cases splenectomy is the treatment of choice. This chapter looks at anatomy, surgical techniques, splenic conditions and postoperative considerations. Practical tips and potential complications are highlighted throughout. Operative techniques: Splenic biopsy and partial splenectomy; Splenectomy.

The stomach serves as a reservoir for food and initiates digestion. This chapter explores anatomy and different techniques. Practical tips are highlighted throughout. Operative techniques: Gastronomy; Gastric biopsy; Partial gastrectomy of the gastric fundus; Transverse pyloroplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz procedures); Y-U antral advancement flap; Pyloromyotomy (Fredet-Ramstedt procedure); Pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I procedure); Oesophageal hiatal hernia repair.

This chapter covers anatomy, surgery of the pinna, otitis externa and media, otic and nasopharyngeal polyps, middle ear cholesteatomas in dogs and considerations for surgical success in patients with ear disease. Operative Techniques: Lateral ear canal resection; Vertical ear canal resection; Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy.

The lungs are divided into distinct lobes by fissures, allowing them to accommodate the movements of the thoracic wall and diaphragm. This chapter covers anatomy and physiology, diagnostic approach, postoperative considerations, lung trauma, pulmonary abscess, pneumonia and bronchiectasis, lung lobe torsion, spontaneous pneumothorax and lung neoplasia. Operative Technique: Partial or complete lung lobectomy.

Surgery of the oral cavity and oropharynx is required to treat neoplasia, traumatic and congenital lesions, and diseases affecting the lips and salivary glands. The clinical signs, diagnosis, surgical management, prognosis and postoperative care of these problems are addressed in this chapter. Operative Techniques: Partial rostral maxillectomy; Total mandibulectomy; Cleft palate repair; Split palatal U-flap technique; Oronasal fistula repair; Mandibular and sublingual salivary gland resection (lateral approach).

A drain is a conduit placed in the wound to remove fluid and air. This usually refers to surgical implants, typically Penrose drains or closed suction drains; however, an autogenous drain, the omentum, can be used in selective cases. An alternative method of providing wound drainage is to leave part of the wound open. This technique is effective in open peritoneal drainage and can also work well with severely contaminated or necrotic skin wounds. The chapter looks at Indications for drain usage; Types of drain; Drain placement; Postoperative and drain care; Drain removal; Complications; and Drains in specific surgeries. Case examples: Drainage of a flank abscess; Surgical management and drainage of a chronic mucocele. Operative techniques: Placement of a Penrose drain; Placement of an active suction drain