Peritoneal dialysis is used most commonly for acute kidney injury (AKI). It is also indicated for patients with anuria or oliguria, life-threatening fluid overload (e.g. pulmonary oedema) or refractory hyperkalaemia, if attempts to induce urine production are unsuccessful. Uraemic signs, progressive azotaemia, or azotaemia that does not improve with standard medical therapy are indications for dialysis, even if urine output is adequate or increased. It is occasionally also used in patients with acute poisoning/drug overdose with substances that can be removed by dialysis, e.g. ethylene glycol, barbiturates, ammonia.