1887

The effect of endocrine disease on the skin

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Abstract

This chapter discusses how dermatological changes, such as hair loss and skin coat changes, can be the first signs of endocrinopathies reported by owners. The chapter highlights the importance of recognizing these clinical signs and conducting appropriate diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause. It provides insights into specific endocrine diseases that can affect the skin, including hypercortisolism, hypothyroidism, hyperoestrogenism, hyperandrogenism and alopecia X. The chapter also discusses the methodical clinical and diagnostic approach essential for the successful management of these cases.

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Figures

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8.1 Generalized alopecia in a 10-year-old male neutered Boxer with hypercortisolism.
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8.2 Calcinosis cutis presenting in the inguinal area of a 5-year-old neutered Maltese bitch treated long term with oral steroids for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.
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8.3 Localized area of hair loss in a 14-year-old neutered Bichon Frise bitch treated long term with hydrocortisone aceponate spray to control pruritus.
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8.4 Generalized hair loss in a 6-year-old male neutered Bloodhound with hypothyroidism.
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8.5 Alopecia and cutaneous hyperpigmentation of the tail of an 8-year-old male neutered Border Terrier with hypothyroidism.
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8.6 Alopecia with numerous comedones along the tail of a 5-year-old male neutered German Shepherd Dog with hypothyroidism.
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8.7 Alopecia of the thighs and the tail in a 5-year-old neutered Cocker Spaniel bitch treated with oestriol tablets for the past 3 months for urinary incontinence.
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8.8 Alopecia and cutaneous hyperpigmentation in a 12-year-old male Golden Retriever with a Sertoli cell tumour.
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8.9 Linear cutaneous erythema on the prepuce of a 10-year-old male Field Spaniel with a Sertoli cell tumour. (Courtesy of Dr Julie Pradel)
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8.10 A 9-year-old male crossbreed dog with a Sertoli cell tumour, with hair loss, gynaecomastia and a pendulous prepuce.
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8.11 A 1-year-old Basenji bitch with hair loss caused by continuous contact with the owner’s legs. The owner was using a transdermal oestrogen gel.
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8.12 An 8-year-old neutered Pomeranian bitch with alopecia X with patchy hair loss around the neck, lack of primary hairs and presence of a woolly coat.
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8.13 A 1-year-old male neutered Pomeranian with alopecia X with dramatic alopecia and cutaneous hyperpigmentation.
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8.14 A 4-year-old male neutered Boxer with bilateral alopecia and cutaneous hyperpigmentation over the flank. The coat grew back spontaneously after a couple of months.
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8.18 Suggested approach when working up an animal presenting with alopecia to differentiate an endocrine a hereditary follicular dysplasia condition. CRFA = canine recurrent flank alopecia.
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