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Disorders of vitamin D metabolism
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443866.chap17
Disorders of vitamin D metabolism
- Author: Richard Mellanby
- From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology
- Item: Chapter 17, pp 122 - 127
- DOI: 10.22233/9781910443866.17
- Copyright: © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: August 2023
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium metabolism and in the maintenance and development of skeletal health in companion animals. In addition, and paralleling human medicine, there is growing interest in understanding the role vitamin D has in non-skeletal health outcomes in dogs and cats. This chapter provides an overview of vitamin D metabolism and discusses both congenital and acquired vitamin D disorders in dogs and cats. It concludes with an overview of current understanding of the role vitamin D plays in non-skeletal health.
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/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443866.chap17
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17.1
Vitamin D is converted to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the liver and to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the kidney by CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 enzymes, respectively. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol exerts its metabolic effects mainly through signalling via the vitamin D receptor. CYP24A1 plays an important role in the regulation of vitamin D status by degrading both 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Mutations in CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and VDR can lead to vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1B, type 1A and type 2A, respectively. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.1
Vitamin D is converted to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the liver and to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the kidney by CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 enzymes, respectively. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol exerts its metabolic effects mainly through signalling via the vitamin D receptor. CYP24A1 plays an important role in the regulation of vitamin D status by degrading both 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Mutations in CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and VDR can lead to vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1B, type 1A and type 2A, respectively. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.
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17.3
Radiograph of the forelimb of a 9-month-old male Domestic Shorthaired cat with high 25-hydroxycholecalciferol but low 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol values that was responsive to vitamin D supplementation, indicative of vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A. There is widening of the distal radial and ulnar physes and flaring of the adjacent bone.
(Courtesy of Robert E. Shiel) © 2023 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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17.3
Radiograph of the forelimb of a 9-month-old male Domestic Shorthaired cat with high 25-hydroxycholecalciferol but low 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol values that was responsive to vitamin D supplementation, indicative of vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A. There is widening of the distal radial and ulnar physes and flaring of the adjacent bone.
(Courtesy of Robert E. Shiel)