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Congress on Demand 2021: Dermatology
We are pleased to present a selection of lectures from BSAVA virtual Congress 2021 that cover dermatology. This collection can be purchased as a standalone item, with a discount for BSAVA members. Visit our Congress on Demand information page for information about how to access the rest of our 2021 congress lectures.
Collection Contents
7 results
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Alopecia in rabbits
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Author Ariane Neuber-WattsAlopecia is a common presenting sign in pet rabbits. Due to cost restraints, and with rabbits being less commonly seen by many small animal vets, the approach to the alopecic pet rabbit can be slightly daunting to many small animal practitioners. However, although rabbits are not small dogs, a logical approach similar to that of other species needs to be adopted. Certain in-house tests are easily adapted to this species without breaking the bank. As more and more rabbits benefit from health insurance, more advanced diagnostic and treatment options may also be available to these individuals. The approach to these cases and common conditions are discussed in this webinar.
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Alopecia: what to do when the endocrine skin tests are normal?
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Author Tim NuttallAlopecia is a common presenting problem in dogs. It is often assumed that there is an endocrine cause. However, while hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and hyperoestrogenism are frequently found there are many other conditions that result in alopecia. It is therefore important to recognise and understand the different patterns of canine alopecia. This helps clinicians formulate an appropriate differential diagnosis list, which can then be used to determine the most appropriate tests. For example, multifocal alopecias are only rarely associated with endocrinopathies and endocrine tests are not normally indicated. Symmetrical and diffuse hair loss is typical of an endocrinopathy, but other causes include follicular dysplasias, pattern baldness, telogen effluvium and anagen defluxion. Understanding the clinical signs in detail can help the investigation by prioritising tests and avoiding unnecessary testing. Finally, there are some rare causes of endocrine alopecia that are difficult to diagnose using basic endocrine tests.
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Approach to feline inflammatory skin disease
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Author Debbie GowInflammatory skin disease in cats can pose many difficulties owing to varied presentations. In particular, with hypersensitivity type skin disease (feline atopic skin syndrome, FASS), cats present with different clinical signs compared with dogs, respond differently to treatment, and may not tolerate many of our therapies aimed at improving the skin barrier. This presentation reviews the most common clinical presentations of FASS are reviewed (miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic dermatoses, self-induced alopecia and head and neck pruritus), and explains how to form a logical approach to these challenging cases. Reaction patterns provide information of a likely inflammatory/hypersensitivity condition, but they do not help guide in terms of the underlying reason for the inflammation. For this reason, other causes of inflammation and/or pruritus such as parasites (fleas/demodex), infectious organisms (dermatophytosis, bacterial, yeast or more rarely viral infections), behavioural or drug reactions should be investigated and excluded. In rare cases, other causes of inflammation such as neoplasia or a paraneoplastic condition may also be considered – however, these unusual cases will have distinct features or characteristics. Other causes of a potential hypersensitivity such as fleabite, cutaneous adverse food reaction and mosquito-bite must also be excluded before a diagnosis of FASS can be made. This presentation provides a clear and logical workflow to investigate feline inflammatory skin disease focusing on history, clinical exam and diagnostic investigations.
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Common cases in exotic skin disease
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Authors: Tom Dutton and John ChittyHow to diagnose in practice – which diagnostic tests to do? Investigating feather plucking in companion parrots can be both challenging and complex. A good understanding of the medical, psychological and environmental causes of this syndrome is required to give the best patient outcomes. Alongside a short review of common causes, this short presentation will cover the most useful diagnostic tests that can be performed in a primary care setting.
Factors involved in skin disease in reptiles – detecting infectious causes: Infectious skin disease is common in reptiles, especially in young animals that have been captive bred and mixed in shops or with dealers. Underlying husbandry deficiencies will affect immunity and aid establishment of pathogens and even result in skin pathogens causing systemic infections. Social factors and stressors (e.g. mixing different species/age groups/sizes) will also increase the likelihood of seeing infectious dermatopathies. Once established, these infections can be extremely hard to treat and may require months of therapy. In some cases the infected reptile will be a source of infection for others in a collection. Early recognition of disease or likelihood of these diseases is essential so the correct diagnostics can be performed and therapy started as early as possible. This talk looks at the most common infections, their diagnosis and treatment.
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Has Covid caused stress related alopecias?
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Authors: Ariane Neuber-Watts and Sarah HeathThe dermatologist’s view: Stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and can be internal or external. It is more than fair to say that covid has caused a great deal of stress for all of us. Has it also contributed to alopecia in our patients? This presentation explores the causes of alopecia from a dermatological angle. It discusses the potential of stress caused by covid and other situations to contribute to the development of alopecia. Specific emphasis is put on the work up of the patient presented for hair loss. Some conditions are highlighted for which stress is presumed to be a major factor in the pathogenesis.
The behaviourist’s view: The global pandemic has caused considerable disruption to the lives of most people, including pet caregivers. This presentation considers whether this disruption has the potential to lead to emotional impact on the non-human animals in the household and whether any such impact could be relevant in relation to their dermatological health. The role of comprehensive history taking and clinical examination when considering the interplay between emotional, cognitive and physical health is discussed. Clinical cases are included in which behavioural and dermatological factors are relevant and the benefits of considering both of these when working up those challenging cases of alopecia are discussed. The behavioural medicine approach to that work up is also discussed.
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How should I deal with alopecia in small furries in practice?
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Authors: Ariane Neuber-Watts and John ChittyThe dermatologist’s view: Small furries are less commonly seen in small animals practices than dogs and cats, and those that present with alopecia may be slightly daunting to many small animal vets. Small furries are by no means small dogs – however, certain principles apply to all species. Alopecia is a common presentation in small furries and patients affected by it need to be worked up systematically, as we do for canine patients. In house laboratory tests, such as cytology and skin scraping, can be used in small furries and are quick and cost-effective ways to collect valuable diagnostic information. Common alopecic conditions and the general approach to these cases are discussed.
The exotics practice view: Alopecic small mammals are a regular presentation in practice. As in dogs and cats, this condition can be frustrating to investigate and this may be long, involved and expensive – in an older animal it may be difficult to resolve within the expected lifespan of that pet. Particular difficulties include the range of possible prognoses – in many cases, the likely treatments may be worse than the disease – whereas in others, alopecia may reflect a major systemic disease (e.g. demodicosis secondary to internal neoplasia) or skin tumours, e.g. mycosis fungoides; possible welfare issues- especially if pruritic; possible zoonoses – especially dermatophytosis – this is important that many are in the care of immunonaive children; lack of managed expectations – a survival time of 1-2 months in a mouse with a usual lifespan of around 18-24 months for a managed mycosis fungoides case may be a clinical success, but will not be viewed as such unless the client is properly informed; possible budgetary restrictions. The latter factor does not always apply – in which case a thorough systemic and dermal investigation may be carried out. However, where it is a factor a more practical approach based on likely diagnoses should be undertaken, which is the approach discussed in this talk.
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Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis in 2021 – what options, in what order?
BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2021Authors: Tim Nuttall and Ariane Neuber-WattsOptions: Atopic dermatitis is a very common condition that severely compromises quality of life for affected dogs and their owners. It is a lifelong disease that requires ongoing treatment to maintain remission and prevent flares. Atopic dermatitis is a complex disease that involves a poor skin barrier, abnormal skin inflammation, allergies (in most but not all dogs) to environmental and/or food allergens, and secondary skin and ear infections. It is important to identify the triggers for each dog and then use a multimodal treatment programme to address these. Treatment options include topical emollients, essential fatty acid (EFA) supplements or enriched diets, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT), antihistamines, and anti-inflammatory medication. Anti-inflammatory treatments with good evidence of high efficacy include systemic and topical steroids, ciclosporin, oclacitinib and lokivetmab. It is essential that these treatment options are understood so that they can be used effectively in the management of canine atopic dermatitis.
Strategy: Canine atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease in dogs. Affected patients and their owners can have severely reduced quality of life. Different treatment modalities need to be combined strategically for each patient to formulate a treatment plan that suits the given patient and carer. This may involve treatment of flare factors, symptomatic anti-pruritic therapy, immunotherapy and treatments to strengthen the skin barrier function. Optimal therapy depends on the patient, breed, temperament, body areas affected, severity of the skin disease, financial considerations and owner attitude and ability all come in the equation. Different scenarios are discussed in this presentation.
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