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Local anaesthesia – nerve blocks
British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 201 (2024); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781913859145.2.49
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781913859145.ch2sec49
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Local anaesthesia – nerve blocks

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Abstract

This section describes the various nerve blocks that can be used in treatment of perioperative pain or for local anaesthesia.

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Figures

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Figure L.2:
Anatomical landmarks for performing maxillary (A), infraorbital (B), mandibular (C) and mental (D) nerve blocks in dogs. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.2:
Figure L.2: Anatomical landmarks for performing maxillary (A), infraorbital (B), mandibular (C) and mental (D) nerve blocks in dogs. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.3:
Anatomical landmarks for performing maxillary (A), infraorbital (B), mandibular (C) and mental (D) nerve blocks in cats. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.3:
Figure L.3: Anatomical landmarks for performing maxillary (A), infraorbital (B), mandibular (C) and mental (D) nerve blocks in cats. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.4:
Needle position for an infraorbital nerve block in a dog. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.4:
Figure L.4: Needle position for an infraorbital nerve block in a dog.
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Figure L.5:
Needle position for a maxillary nerve block in a dog. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.5:
Figure L.5: Needle position for a maxillary nerve block in a dog.
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Figure L.6:
Needle position for a mental nerve block in a dog. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.6:
Figure L.6: Needle position for a mental nerve block in a dog.
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Figure L.7:
Needle position for a mandibular nerve block in a dog. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.7:
Figure L.7: Needle position for a mandibular nerve block in a dog.
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Figure L.8:
Anatomical landmarks for performing auriculotemporal (A) and great auricular (B) nerve blocks in dogs. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.8:
Figure L.8: Anatomical landmarks for performing auriculotemporal (A) and great auricular (B) nerve blocks in dogs. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.9:
Anatomical landmarks for performing a cervical paravertebral block in dogs (dotted line shows the normal anatomical position of the scapula). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.9:
Figure L.9: Anatomical landmarks for performing a cervical paravertebral block in dogs (dotted line shows the normal anatomical position of the scapula). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.10:
Anatomical landmarks for performing axillary blockade of the brachial plexus in cats. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.10:
Figure L.10: Anatomical landmarks for performing axillary blockade of the brachial plexus in cats. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.11:
Anatomical landmarks for performing median, musculocutaneous and ulnar nerve blocks (medial view) and a radial nerve block (lateral view) in dogs. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.11:
Figure L.11: Anatomical landmarks for performing median, musculocutaneous and ulnar nerve blocks (medial view) and a radial nerve block (lateral view) in dogs. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.12:
Anatomical landmarks for performing nerve blocks of the distal branches of the radial, ulnar and median nerves in cats. Shaded areas within the dotted lines show areas to be blocked. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.12:
Figure L.12: Anatomical landmarks for performing nerve blocks of the distal branches of the radial, ulnar and median nerves in cats. Shaded areas within the dotted lines show areas to be blocked. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.13:
Anatomical landmarks for saphenous, common peroneal and tibial nerve blocks in dogs. The saphenous nerve block is performed on the medial aspect, whilst the common peroneal and tibial nerve blocks are performed on the lateral aspect of the leg. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.13:
Figure L.13: Anatomical landmarks for saphenous, common peroneal and tibial nerve blocks in dogs. The saphenous nerve block is performed on the medial aspect, whilst the common peroneal and tibial nerve blocks are performed on the lateral aspect of the leg. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.14:
Anatomical landmarks for a femoral nerve block. The femoral nerve is blocked within the groin area as it crosses the femoral triangle. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.14:
Figure L.14: Anatomical landmarks for a femoral nerve block. The femoral nerve is blocked within the groin area as it crosses the femoral triangle. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.15:
Anatomical landmarks for a sciatic nerve block. The sciatic nerve is blocked between the cranial and middle third of a ‘line’ connecting the greater trochanter and the ischiatic tuberosity. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.15:
Figure L.15: Anatomical landmarks for a sciatic nerve block. The sciatic nerve is blocked between the cranial and middle third of a ‘line’ connecting the greater trochanter and the ischiatic tuberosity. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission
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Figure L.16:
Anatomical landmarks for performing lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in dogs. The lumbosacral space can be found caudal to a ‘line’ drawn between the cranial borders of the ilia (marked with a dotted line). Dorsal view. Lateral view. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Image of Figure L.16:
Figure L.16: Anatomical landmarks for performing lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in dogs. The lumbosacral space can be found caudal to a ‘line’ drawn between the cranial borders of the ilia (marked with a dotted line). Dorsal view. Lateral view. Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission

Supplements

Procedure video: Local anaesthesia – nerve blocks

This video shows how to perform local anaesthetic nerve blocks at various anatomical locations. Please note that, for filming purposes, this procedure was performed on a cadaver. Appropriate aseptic techniques should be employed when performing this procedure.

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