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Neurological examination
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781913859145.ch1sec3
Neurological examination
- From: BSAVA Guide to Procedures in Small Animal Practice
- Item: System examinations, pp 18 - 27
- DOI: 10.22233/9781913859145.1.3
- Copyright: © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
- Publication Date: March 2024
Abstract
Clinical examination is required to diagnose and localize disorders of the nervous system, and provide information on the severity of some disorders.
/content/chapter/10.22233/9781913859145.ch1sec3
Figures
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Figure EXN.1:
The motor function of CN V can be assessed by testing the resistance of the jaw to opening of the mouth © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.1:
The motor function of CN V can be assessed by testing the resistance of the jaw to opening of the mouth
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Figure EXN.2:
The sensory function of the maxillary branch of CN V can be assessed by the palpebral reflex observed on touching the lateral canthus of the eye. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.2:
The sensory function of the maxillary branch of CN V can be assessed by the palpebral reflex observed on touching the lateral canthus of the eye.
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Figure EXN.3:
The sensory function of the ophthalmic branch of CN V can be assessed by observing the response to stimulation of the nasal mucosa. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.3:
The sensory function of the ophthalmic branch of CN V can be assessed by observing the response to stimulation of the nasal mucosa.
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Figure EXN.4:
The motor function of CN VII is assessed by observing the face for symmetry, blinking and movement of the nostrils. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.4:
The motor function of CN VII is assessed by observing the face for symmetry, blinking and movement of the nostrils.
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Figure EXN.5:
Postural reaction testing can be achieved by placing a paw in an abnormal position and observing how long it takes the animal to return it to the correct position. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.5:
Postural reaction testing can be achieved by placing a paw in an abnormal position and observing how long it takes the animal to return it to the correct position.
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Figure EXN.6:
Testing the hopping reaction involves holding the animal so that the majority of its weight is centred over one limb and then moving it laterally. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.6:
Testing the hopping reaction involves holding the animal so that the majority of its weight is centred over one limb and then moving it laterally.
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Figure EXN.7:
The withdrawal (flexor) reflex can be elicited by pinching the nailbed or digits. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.7:
The withdrawal (flexor) reflex can be elicited by pinching the nailbed or digits.
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Figure EXN.8:
A reflex hammer is used to strike the patellar tendon in order to evaluate the patellar reflex. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.8:
A reflex hammer is used to strike the patellar tendon in order to evaluate the patellar reflex.
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Figure EXN.9:
Deep pain perception is tested by applying heavy pressure to digits using artery forceps. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.9:
Deep pain perception is tested by applying heavy pressure to digits using artery forceps.
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Figure EXN.10:
Palpation can be used to assess for pain in the thoracic and lumbar spine. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.10:
Palpation can be used to assess for pain in the thoracic and lumbar spine.
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Figure EXN.11:
Neck manipulation should be performed in a dorsal, ventral and lateral direction to assess for pain. © 2024 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
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Figure EXN.11:
Neck manipulation should be performed in a dorsal, ventral and lateral direction to assess for pain.
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Procedure video: Neurological examination
This video shows how to perform key elements of a neurological examination