Structure and function of the skin

Eva Espadale; Domenico Santoro

doi:10.22233/9781910443811.1

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 1 (2021); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781910443811.1

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Structure and function of the skin

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Authors: Eva Espadale and Domenico Santoro
From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dermatology
Item: Chapter 1, pp 1 - 12
DOI: 10.22233/9781910443811.1
Copyright: © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: September 2021

Abstract

This chapter gives a brief overview of the skin, focusing particularly on the importance of its structure and on its immunological function. The chapter also mentions common diseases which may result from genetic or acquired defects.

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Figures

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1.2

Epidermis showing the organization of the cells and their maturation into fully cornified cells. Note the clear layer (present in the nasal planum/footpads) would be interposed between the granular and horny layer. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.2 Epidermis showing the organization of the cells and their maturation into fully cornified cells. Note the clear layer (present in the nasal planum/footpads) would be interposed between the granular and horny layer. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.

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1.5

The hair follicle and its associated structures. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.5 The hair follicle and its associated structures. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.

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1.7

Microphotograph of a section of canine skin showing the compound follicular unit. (H&E stain; original magnification X40). (Courtesy of Dr William Craft) © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.7 Microphotograph of a section of canine skin showing the compound follicular unit. (H&E stain; original magnification X40). (Courtesy of Dr William Craft)

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1.8

The hair growth cycle. Anagen, the active growth phase, is divided into six stages: (a,b) proanagen, stages I–IV; (c) mesanagen, stage V; and (d) metanagen, stage VI. During these stages, the hair follicle undergoes differentiation, rapid growth and hair elongation. (e) Catagen is the regression phase of the hair follicle and telogen (f) represents the resting phase of the hair follicle. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.8 The hair growth cycle. Anagen, the active growth phase, is divided into six stages: (a,b) proanagen, stages I–IV; (c) mesanagen, stage V; and (d) metanagen, stage VI. During these stages, the hair follicle undergoes differentiation, rapid growth and hair elongation. (e) Catagen is the regression phase of the hair follicle and telogen (f) represents the resting phase of the hair follicle. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.

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1.10

Components of mammalian skin, including epidermal structures (compound hair follicle and adnexal structures, free sebaceous gland, epitrichial sweat gland), blood supply, nerves and associated mechanoreceptors. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.10 Components of mammalian skin, including epidermal structures (compound hair follicle and adnexal structures, free sebaceous gland, epitrichial sweat gland), blood supply, nerves and associated mechanoreceptors. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.

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1.11

Microphotograph of a section of canine skin showing the basement membrane (arrowed). (Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS); original magnification X400) (Courtesy of Dr William Craft) © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.11 Microphotograph of a section of canine skin showing the basement membrane (arrowed). (Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS); original magnification X400) (Courtesy of Dr William Craft)

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1.12

Structural components of the basement membrane zone. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission. © 2021 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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1.12 Structural components of the basement membrane zone. (Redrawn after Patel, 2012 ). Drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and reproduced with her permission.